Optimization of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 expression in plants: comparison of the suitability of different HPV-16 L1 gene variants and different cell-compartment localization.
Identifieur interne : 000707 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000706; suivant : 000708Optimization of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 expression in plants: comparison of the suitability of different HPV-16 L1 gene variants and different cell-compartment localization.
Auteurs : J. Maclean [Afrique du Sud] ; M. Koekemoer [Afrique du Sud] ; A J Olivier [Afrique du Sud] ; D. Stewart [Afrique du Sud] ; I I Hitzeroth [Afrique du Sud] ; T. Rademacher [Allemagne] ; R. Fischer [Allemagne] ; A-L Williamson [Afrique du Sud] ; E P Rybicki [Afrique du Sud]Source :
- The Journal of general virology [ 0022-1317 ] ; 2007.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN viral (génétique), Amorces ADN (MeSH), Animaux (MeSH), Cartographie de restriction (MeSH), Feuilles de plante (microbiologie), Feuilles de plante (virologie), Humains (MeSH), Papillomavirus humain de type 16 (génétique), Plantes (virologie), Plasmides (MeSH), Rhizobium (génétique), Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux (MeSH), Souris (MeSH), Tabac (microbiologie), Tabac (virologie), Vaccins antiviraux (MeSH), Variation génétique (MeSH), Vecteurs génétiques (MeSH), Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH).
- MESH :
- génétique : ADN viral, Papillomavirus humain de type 16, Rhizobium.
- microbiologie : Feuilles de plante, Tabac.
- virologie : Feuilles de plante, Plantes, Tabac.
- Amorces ADN, Animaux, Cartographie de restriction, Humains, Plasmides, Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux, Souris, Vaccins antiviraux, Variation génétique, Vecteurs génétiques, Végétaux génétiquement modifiés.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), DNA Primers (MeSH), DNA, Viral (genetics), Gene Expression Regulation, Viral (MeSH), Genetic Variation (MeSH), Genetic Vectors (MeSH), Human papillomavirus 16 (genetics), Humans (MeSH), Mice (MeSH), Plant Leaves (microbiology), Plant Leaves (virology), Plants (virology), Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH), Plasmids (MeSH), Restriction Mapping (MeSH), Rhizobium (genetics), Tobacco (microbiology), Tobacco (virology), Viral Vaccines (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Viral.
- chemical : DNA Primers, Viral Vaccines.
- genetics : Human papillomavirus 16, Rhizobium.
- microbiology : Plant Leaves, Tobacco.
- virology : Plant Leaves, Plants, Tobacco.
- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Genetic Variation, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Mice, Plants, Genetically Modified, Plasmids, Restriction Mapping.
Abstract
Virus-like particle-based vaccines for high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) appear to have great promise; however, cell culture-derived vaccines will probably be very expensive. The optimization of expression of different codon-optimized versions of the HPV-16 L1 capsid protein gene in plants has been explored by means of transient expression from a novel suite of Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary expression vectors, which allow targeting of recombinant protein to the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or chloroplasts. A gene resynthesized to reflect human codon usage expresses better than the native gene, which expresses better than a plant-optimized gene. Moreover, chloroplast localization allows significantly higher levels of accumulation of L1 protein than does cytoplasmic localization, whilst ER retention was least successful. High levels of L1 (>17% total soluble protein) could be produced via transient expression: the protein assembled into higher-order structures visible by electron microscopy, and a concentrated extract was highly immunogenic in mice after subcutaneous injection and elicited high-titre neutralizing antibodies. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human codon-optimized gene linked to a chloroplast-targeting signal expressed L1 at levels up to 11% of the total soluble protein. These are the highest levels of HPV L1 expression reported for plants: these results, and the excellent immunogenicity of the product, significantly improve the prospects of making a conventional HPV vaccine by this means.
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82718-0
PubMed: 17412974
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Maclean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koekemoer, M" sort="Koekemoer, M" uniqKey="Koekemoer M" first="M" last="Koekemoer">M. Koekemoer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivier, A J" sort="Olivier, A J" uniqKey="Olivier A" first="A J" last="Olivier">A J Olivier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biovac Institute, Pinelands, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Biovac Institute, Pinelands, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, D" sort="Stewart, D" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="D" last="Stewart">D. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hitzeroth, I I" sort="Hitzeroth, I I" uniqKey="Hitzeroth I" first="I I" last="Hitzeroth">I I Hitzeroth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rademacher, T" sort="Rademacher, T" uniqKey="Rademacher T" first="T" last="Rademacher">T. Rademacher</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Aix-la-Chapelle</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R" last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Aix-la-Chapelle</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, A L" sort="Williamson, A L" uniqKey="Williamson A" first="A-L" last="Williamson">A-L Williamson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rybicki, E P" sort="Rybicki, E P" uniqKey="Rybicki E" first="E P" last="Rybicki">E P Rybicki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of general virology</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1317</idno><imprint><date when="2007" type="published">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>DNA Primers (MeSH)</term><term>DNA, Viral (genetics)</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>Genetic Variation (MeSH)</term><term>Genetic Vectors (MeSH)</term><term>Human papillomavirus 16 (genetics)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Mice (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Leaves (microbiology)</term><term>Plant Leaves (virology)</term><term>Plants (virology)</term><term>Plants, Genetically Modified (MeSH)</term><term>Plasmids (MeSH)</term><term>Restriction Mapping (MeSH)</term><term>Rhizobium (genetics)</term><term>Tobacco (microbiology)</term><term>Tobacco (virology)</term><term>Viral Vaccines (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN viral (génétique)</term><term>Amorces ADN (MeSH)</term><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Cartographie de restriction (MeSH)</term><term>Feuilles de plante (microbiologie)</term><term>Feuilles de plante (virologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Papillomavirus humain de type 16 (génétique)</term><term>Plantes (virologie)</term><term>Plasmides (MeSH)</term><term>Rhizobium (génétique)</term><term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux (MeSH)</term><term>Souris (MeSH)</term><term>Tabac (microbiologie)</term><term>Tabac (virologie)</term><term>Vaccins antiviraux (MeSH)</term><term>Variation génétique (MeSH)</term><term>Vecteurs génétiques (MeSH)</term><term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA Primers</term><term>Viral Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Human papillomavirus 16</term><term>Rhizobium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN viral</term><term>Papillomavirus humain de type 16</term><term>Rhizobium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term><term>Tabac</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Leaves</term><term>Tobacco</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term><term>Plantes</term><term>Tabac</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Leaves</term><term>Plants</term><term>Tobacco</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Genetic Vectors</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term><term>Plants, Genetically Modified</term><term>Plasmids</term><term>Restriction Mapping</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amorces ADN</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Cartographie de restriction</term><term>Humains</term><term>Plasmides</term><term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux</term><term>Souris</term><term>Vaccins antiviraux</term><term>Variation génétique</term><term>Vecteurs génétiques</term><term>Végétaux génétiquement modifiés</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Virus-like particle-based vaccines for high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) appear to have great promise; however, cell culture-derived vaccines will probably be very expensive. The optimization of expression of different codon-optimized versions of the HPV-16 L1 capsid protein gene in plants has been explored by means of transient expression from a novel suite of Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary expression vectors, which allow targeting of recombinant protein to the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or chloroplasts. A gene resynthesized to reflect human codon usage expresses better than the native gene, which expresses better than a plant-optimized gene. Moreover, chloroplast localization allows significantly higher levels of accumulation of L1 protein than does cytoplasmic localization, whilst ER retention was least successful. High levels of L1 (>17% total soluble protein) could be produced via transient expression: the protein assembled into higher-order structures visible by electron microscopy, and a concentrated extract was highly immunogenic in mice after subcutaneous injection and elicited high-titre neutralizing antibodies. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human codon-optimized gene linked to a chloroplast-targeting signal expressed L1 at levels up to 11% of the total soluble protein. These are the highest levels of HPV L1 expression reported for plants: these results, and the excellent immunogenicity of the product, significantly improve the prospects of making a conventional HPV vaccine by this means.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">17412974</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2007</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0022-1317</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>88</Volume><Issue>Pt 5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2007</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of general virology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Gen Virol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Optimization of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 expression in plants: comparison of the suitability of different HPV-16 L1 gene variants and different cell-compartment localization.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1460-1469</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1099/vir.0.82718-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Virus-like particle-based vaccines for high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) appear to have great promise; however, cell culture-derived vaccines will probably be very expensive. The optimization of expression of different codon-optimized versions of the HPV-16 L1 capsid protein gene in plants has been explored by means of transient expression from a novel suite of Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary expression vectors, which allow targeting of recombinant protein to the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or chloroplasts. A gene resynthesized to reflect human codon usage expresses better than the native gene, which expresses better than a plant-optimized gene. Moreover, chloroplast localization allows significantly higher levels of accumulation of L1 protein than does cytoplasmic localization, whilst ER retention was least successful. High levels of L1 (>17% total soluble protein) could be produced via transient expression: the protein assembled into higher-order structures visible by electron microscopy, and a concentrated extract was highly immunogenic in mice after subcutaneous injection and elicited high-titre neutralizing antibodies. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a human codon-optimized gene linked to a chloroplast-targeting signal expressed L1 at levels up to 11% of the total soluble protein. These are the highest levels of HPV L1 expression reported for plants: these results, and the excellent immunogenicity of the product, significantly improve the prospects of making a conventional HPV vaccine by this means.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maclean</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koekemoer</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Olivier</LastName><ForeName>A J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biovac Institute, Pinelands, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stewart</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hitzeroth</LastName><ForeName>I I</ForeName><Initials>II</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rademacher</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fischer</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fraunhofer Institute, Aachen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Williamson</LastName><ForeName>A-L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rybicki</LastName><ForeName>E P</ForeName><Initials>EP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Gen Virol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0077340</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0022-1317</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017931">DNA Primers</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D004279">DNA, Viral</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014765">Viral Vaccines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017931" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA Primers</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004279" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015967" MajorTopicYN="Y">Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014644" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Variation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005822" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Vectors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052162" MajorTopicYN="N">Human papillomavirus 16</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018515" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Leaves</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010944" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D030821" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants, Genetically Modified</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010957" MajorTopicYN="N">Plasmids</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015183" MajorTopicYN="N">Restriction Mapping</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012231" MajorTopicYN="N">Rhizobium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014026" MajorTopicYN="N">Tobacco</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014765" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Vaccines</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2007</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2007</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2007</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17412974</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1099/vir.0.82718-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Allemagne</li></country><region><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li></region><settlement><li>Aix-la-Chapelle</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Maclean, J" sort="Maclean, J" uniqKey="Maclean J" first="J" last="Maclean">J. Maclean</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hitzeroth, I I" sort="Hitzeroth, I I" uniqKey="Hitzeroth I" first="I I" last="Hitzeroth">I I Hitzeroth</name><name sortKey="Koekemoer, M" sort="Koekemoer, M" uniqKey="Koekemoer M" first="M" last="Koekemoer">M. Koekemoer</name><name sortKey="Maclean, J" sort="Maclean, J" uniqKey="Maclean J" first="J" last="Maclean">J. Maclean</name><name sortKey="Olivier, A J" sort="Olivier, A J" uniqKey="Olivier A" first="A J" last="Olivier">A J Olivier</name><name sortKey="Rybicki, E P" sort="Rybicki, E P" uniqKey="Rybicki E" first="E P" last="Rybicki">E P Rybicki</name><name sortKey="Rybicki, E P" sort="Rybicki, E P" uniqKey="Rybicki E" first="E P" last="Rybicki">E P Rybicki</name><name sortKey="Stewart, D" sort="Stewart, D" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="D" last="Stewart">D. Stewart</name><name sortKey="Williamson, A L" sort="Williamson, A L" uniqKey="Williamson A" first="A-L" last="Williamson">A-L Williamson</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Rademacher, T" sort="Rademacher, T" uniqKey="Rademacher T" first="T" last="Rademacher">T. Rademacher</name></region><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R" last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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